Food Handling Behaviors: Estimates from the 2006 FDA/FSIS Food Safety Survey SECTION D FOOD HANDLING PRACTICES Now, I have some questions about cooking at home. D1. TR93-TR01 Where you live, do you have a refrigerator and either a stove or microwave? (n=4539) 99% [YES] 1% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] [IF D1=2- OR 8 OR 9, GO TO E9V1 (if in version 1) or E14V2 (if in version 2)] D2V1. TR93-TR01 How often do you prepare the main meal in your household? Do you prepare the main meal . . . (n=2260) 61% all or nearly all of the time, 34% only some of the time, or 4% never? * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] D2V2. When cooking at home, how often do you prepare the main meal in your household? Do you prepare the main meal . . . (n=2246) 61% all or nearly all of the time, 33% only some of the time, or 6% never? * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] [There is no question D3] D4. HP Before you begin preparing food, how often do you wash your hands with soap? (n=4506) 75% All of the time 19% Most of the time 5% Some of the time, or 1% Rarely * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] [IF D2[V] = 3 OR 8 OR 9 GO TO D9] D5. Tr98, TR01 [IF D2[V] = 1 or 2, THEN D5] Do you ever prepare fish or shellfish? (n=4272) 65% [YES] 35% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] D6. Tr98, TR01 [IF D5=1] Do you ever prepare meals where you begin with raw fish or shellfish? [INTERVIEWER: CLARIFY IF NECESSARY: Do not include canned fish, frozen fish sticks, frozen fish dinners, and other pre-cooked items. INTERVIWER NOTE: ALL CANNED ITEMS ARE COOKED. CRAB MEAT IS SOLD ONLY COOKED (EXCEPT LIVE CRABS) (IF FROZEN, CLARIFY: Is that frozen raw or frozen cooked?)] (n=2869) 80% [YES] 19% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] D7. TR98, TR01 [IF D2[V] = 1 or 2, THEN D7] Do you ever prepare meat or chicken? (n=4272) 97% [YES] 3% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] D8. Tr98, Tr01 [ASK IF D7= 1] Do you ever prepare meals where you begin with raw meat or chicken? [NOTE: FROZEN MEAT IS FINE AS LONG AS IT IS FROZEN RAW.] (n=4151) 91% [YES] 9% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] D9. HP [THIS QUESTION IS NO LONGER VERSIONED. ALL RESPONDENTS SHOULD GET IT.] In your home, are hamburgers usually served rare, medium, or well done? [CLARIFY: IF DIFFERENT WAYS FOR DIFFERENT PEOPLE: What is the rarest degree of doneness hamburgers are served?] (n=4506) 2% [RARE, (GO TO D11)] 21% [MEDIUM (GO TO D10)] 64% [WELL DONE(GO TO D11)] 2% [MEDIUM RARE (GO TO D10)] 3% [MEDIUM WELL (GO TO D10)] 7% [HAMBURGERS ARE NEVER SERVED (GO TO D11)] * [DON'T KNOW (GO TO D11)] * [REFUSED (GO TO D11)] D10. HP [ASK IF D9V1 = 2, 4, or 5] When you say hamburgers are usually served "medium / medium well / medium rare" [HAVE THE ANSWER FROM PREVIOUS QUESTION POP UP. do you mean they are . . .] (n=1230) 36% brown all the way through, or 63% still have some pink in the middle? * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] [ROTATE D11, D12, D13.] [NON-COOKS, D2V[] =3 or 8 or 9, GO to D17] D11. HP [ASK IF D2[V] = 1 or 2] After you have cracked open raw eggs, do you usually continue cooking, or do you first rinse your hands with water, or wipe them, or wash them with soap? [IF NECESSARY TO CLARIFY "CONTINUE COOKING": Touching anything besides the eggs, such as cookware, bottles of seasoning, or other ingredients.] (n=4272) 29% [CONTINUE COOKING] 27% [RINSE OR WIPE HANDS] 41% [WASH WITH SOAP] 1% [NEVER HANDLE RAW EGGS] 1% [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] D11a1. (Called d11aL) [IF IT WAS NECESSARY TO CLARIFY THE MEANING OF "CONTINUE COOKING" ENTER CODE 1, OTHERWISE ENTER CODE 2] (n=4272) 16% [READ CLARIFICATION INSTRUCTION] 84% [DID NOT READ CLARIFICATION INSTRUCTION] D12. HP [ASK IF D8 = 1] After handling raw meat or chicken, do you usually continue cooking, or do you first rinse your hands with water, or wipe them, or wash them with soap? [WASH WITH WATER IS CODED WITH RINSE. IF NECESSARY TO CLARIFY "CONTINUE COOKING": You touch anything besides the meat, such as cookware, bottles of seasoning, or other ingredients.] (n=3755) 3% [CONTINUE COOKING] 15% [RINSE OR WIPE HANDS] 81% [WASH WITH SOAP] * DON'T HANDLE RAW MEAT OR CHICKEN * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] D12a1. (Called d12aL) [IF IT WAS NECESSARY TO CLARIFY THE MEANING OF "CONTINUE COOKING" ENTER CODE 1, OTHERWISE ENTER CODE 2] (n=3755) 14% [READ CLARIFICATION INSTRUCTION] 86% [DID NOT READ CLARIFICATION INSTRUCTION] D13. HP [ASK IF D6 = 1] After handling raw fish, do you usually continue cooking, or do you first rinse your hands with water, or wipe them, or wash them with soap. [IF NECESSARY TO CLARIFY "CONTINUE COOKING": You touch anything besides the fish, such as cookware, bottles of seasoning, or other ingredients. (n=2313) 3% [CONTINUE COOKING] 17% [RINSE OR WIPE HANDS] 79% [WASH WITH SOAP] * NEVER HANDLE RAW FISH * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] D13al. (Called D13aL) [IF IT WAS NECESSARY TO CLARIFY THE MEANING OF "CONTINUE COOKING" ENTER CODE 1, OTHERWISE ENTER CODE 2] (n=2313) 14% [READ CLARIFICATION INSTRUCTION] 86% [DID NOT READ CLARIFICATION INSTRUCTION] D14. HP [IF D8= 1] (MORE THAN ONE RESPONSE WAS ALLOWED FOR THIS QUESTION)] After you have used a cutting board or other surface for cutting raw meat or chicken, do you use it as itis for other food to be eaten raw for the same meal, or do you first rinse it, or wipe it, or wash it with soap? Interviewer note: "put it in the dishwasher" should be coded as "wash with soap." [WASH WITH WATER IS CODED AS RINSE.] (n=3755) D14a. [USE AS IT IS (PRECODE)] 1% [VALID] 99% [MISSING] D14b. [RINSE OR WIPE IT (PRECODE)] 11% [VALID] 90% [MISSING] D14c. [WASH WITH SOAP (PRECODE)] 78% [VALID] 22% [MISSING] D14d. [WASH WITH BLEACH (PRECODE)] 4% [VALID] 96% [MISSING] D14e [USE A DIFFERENT BOARD (PRECODE)] 4% [VALID] 96% [MISSING] D14f. [DON'T CUT RAW MEAT OR POULTRY (PRECODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14g. [OTHER (THAT WERE NOT CODED INTO A PRECODE OR NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14h. [DON'T KNOW] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14i. [REFUSED] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14j. [DON'T USE CUTTING BOARD (NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14k. [TURN OVER/OTHER SIDE (NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14l. [CUT OTHER FOODS FIRST (NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14m. [DON'T USE/TRY NOT TO USE (NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14n. [USE DISINFECTANT (NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14o. [USE DISPOSABLE SHEET (NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14p. [WASH WITH VINEGAR (NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D14CLASS. [Classification of other specify response.] (n=102) 40% [Verbatim coded in precode.] 51% [Verbatim coded in new code.] 9% [Verbatim coded in other.] [(Raw fish and raw meat cooks)] D15. HP [ASK IF D6 = 1 and D8=1 (MORE THAN ONE RESPONSE WAS ALLOWED FOR THIS QUESTION)] After cutting raw fish or shellfish, what do you do with the cutting board or surface? [IF NECESSARY Do you use it as it is for cutting food to be eaten raw for the same meal, or do you first rinse it, wipe it, or wash it with soap? Interviewer note: "put it in the dishwasher" should be coded as "wash with soap." WASH WITH WATER IS CODED AS RINSE.] (n=2223) d15a. [USE AS IS] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] d15b. [RINSE/WIPE IT] 8% [VALID] 92% [MISSING] d15c. [WASH WITH SOAP] 80% [VALID] 20% [MISSING] d15d. [WASH WITH BLEACH] 6% [VALID] 94% [MISSING] d15e. [USE DIFF BOARD] 2% [VALID] 98% [MISSING] d15f. [DON'T CUT] 1% [VALID] 99% [MISSING] d15g. [OTHER (THAT WERE NOT CODED INTO A PRECODE OR NEW CODE)] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] d15h. [DON'T KNOW] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] d15i. [REFUSED] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] d15j. [DON'T USE CUTTING BOARD] * VALID 100% [MISSING] d15k. [TURN OVER/OTHER SIDE] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] d15l. [DON'T/TRY NOT USE] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] d15m. [USE DISINFECTANT] 1% [VALID] 99% [MISSING] d15n. [USE DISPOSABLE SHEET] 1% [VALID] 99% [MISSING] d15o. [WASH W/VINEGAR] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] d15p. [PUT IT IN SINK] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] D15OTR. [VERBATIM RESPONSES] D15CLASS. [Classification of other specify response.] (n=122) 55% [Verbatim coded in precode.] 40% [Verbatim coded in new code.] 5% [Verbatim coded in other.] [(Raw fish cooks who are not raw meat cooks)] D16. [ASK IF D6 = 1 and D8 = 0, DK, or REF] After you have used a cutting board or other surface for cutting raw fish or shellfish, do you use it as it is for other food to be eaten raw for the same meal, or do you first rinse it, wipe it, or wash it with soap? Interviewer note: "put it in the dishwasher" should be coded as "wash with soap." [WASH WITH WATER IS CODED AS RINSE.] (n=90) 1% [USE AS IT IS] 7% [RINSE OR WIPE IT] 85% [WASH WITH SOAP] 5% [WASH WITH BLEACH] 1% [USE A DIFFERENT BOARD] * [DON'T CUT RAW FISH OR SHELLFISH] * [OTHER] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] SECTION E FOOD HANDLING PRACTICES, CONTINUED E1. HP [ASK IF D7 = 1] If you cook a large pot of soup, stew, or other food with meat or chicken and want to save it for the next day, when do you put the food in the refrigerator? Would it be . . . [CLARIFY: IF A NUMBER OF METHODS ARE USED THAT INCLUDE COOLING IT TO ROOM TEMPERATURE THEN MARK ROOM TEMPERATURE] (n=4151) 23% Immediately 71% After first cooling it at room temperature, or 3% After first cooling it in cold water? 1% [DO NOT COOK SUCH FOODS] 1% [WOULD NOT REFRIGERATE IT] 1% [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E2. HP [ASK IF E1 = 2] For about how long would you let it cool at room temperature? (n=2891) 83% [LESS THAN TWO HOURS] 14% [TWO HOURS OR MORE / ABOUT 2 HOURS] 3% [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] [(Fish cooks who also cook meat)] E3. HP [IF D5 = 1 AND D7 = 1] How about if the soup or stew contains fish or shellfish instead of meat or chicken. If you want to save it for the next day, when do you put the food in the refrigerator? would it be . . . [CLARIFY: IF A NUMBER OF METHODS ARE USED THAT INCLUDE COOLING IT TO ROOM TEMPERATURE THEN MARK ROOM TEMPERATURE] (n=2837) 32% Immediately 43% After first cooling it at room temperature, or 4% After first cooling it in cold water? 15% [DO NOT COOK SUCH FOODS] 4% [WOULD NOT REFRIGERATE IT] 2% [DON'T KNOW] 1% [REFUSED] [(Fish cooks who do not cook meat)] E4. HP [IF D5 = 1 AND D7 = 0, DK, or REF] If you cook a large pot of soup, stew, or other food with fish or shellfish and want to save it for the next day, when do you put the food in the refrigerator? Would it be . . . [CLARIFY: IF A NUMBER OF METHODS ARE USED THAT INCLUDE COOLING IT TO ROOM TEMPERATURE THEN MARK ROOM TEMPERATURE] (n=32) 43% Immediately 40% After first cooling it at room temperature, or 1% After first cooling it in cold water? 10% [DO NOT COOK SUCH FOODS] 7% [WOULD NOT REFRIGERATE] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E5. [ASK IF E3=2 or E4 = 2] For about how long would you let it cool at room temperature? (n=1168) 84% [LESS THAN TWO HOURS] 13% [TWO HOURS OR MORE] 2% [DON'T KNOW] 1% [REFUSED] E6. TR01 Have you grilled meat, poultry, or fish outside in the past year? (n=4506) 71% [YES] *% [NOT SURE (GO TO E9V1 or E14V2)] 29% [NO (GO TO E9V1 or E14V2)] * [DON'T KNOW (GO TO E9V1 or E14V2)] * [REFUSED (GO TO E9V1 or E14V2)] E7. TR01 [IF E6=1] After the food is cooked, what do you usually use to carry it from the grill to the place where it will be eaten? Do you use . . . [IF RESPONDENT GIVES MORE THAN ONE ANSWER OR SAYS "IT DEPENDS," PROBE: What do you do most of the time? IF RESPONDENT SAYS "CLEAN PLATE", ASK: "Is it the same plate that you used to carry the food to the grill or a different plate?] (n=3109) 5% The plate or pan you used to carry the food to the grill 78% A different plate or pan, or do you usually 15% Serve directly from the grill to individual plates? 2% [OTHER] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E8.TR01 [IF E7=1] Do you use the plate or pan as it is, or do you first wipe it, or rinse it, or wash it with soap? (n=160) 33% [USE AS IS] 23% [WIPE OR RINSE IT] 40% [WASH WITH SOAP (OR BLEACH)] 3% [NOT SURE] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] [The Fruit and Vegetable washing questions have been modified.] E9V1. Do you ever buy bagged, precut lettuce? [IF NECESSARY: WE ARE TALKING ABOUT BAGGED SALAD] (n=2275) 71% [YES] 28% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E10V1. [IF E9V1=1] Do you usually wash or rinse bagged, precut lettuce before you eat it? (n=1613) 49% [YES] 46% [NO] 5% [IT DEPENDS (IE. PRODUCT TYPE, HOW IT LOOKS, HOW IT SMELLS)] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E10V1a. Of all the bags of precut lettuce available at the store, about how many of them contain lettuce that has already been washed? Would you say . . . (n=1613) 35% All of them 24% Most of them 24% Only some of them, 7% None of them 9% [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E11V1. Do you ever buy tomatoes? (n=2275) 87% [YES] 13% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E12V1. TR01 [IFE11V1=1] Do you usually wash or rinse tomatoes before you prepare or eat them?( n=2029) 97% [YES] 3% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E13V1. [IF E12V1=1] What methods do you use to wash or rinse tomatoes? Please choose one or more. Do you . . . [ACCEPT MULTIPLES; NOTE: IF SAY THEY USE A COLANDER, "Using your colander, do you (READ THE ANSWERS AGAIN)] (n=1965) E13V1_1. Rub them under running water, with a brush, cloth or your hands 75% [VALID] 25% [MISSING] E13V1_2. Hold under running water, without rubbing them, or 20% [VALID] 80% [MISSING] E13V1_3. Soak them in a container of water, or do you 3% [VALID] 97% [MISSING] E13V1_4. Use any type of cleaner to wash tomatoes? 7% [VALID] 93% [MISSING] E13V1_5. [DON'T KNOW] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E13V1_6. [REFUSED] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E13V1A. [IF E13V1_4 =1] What type of cleaner do you use? [CHECK ANY MENTION OF THE FOLLOWING. ACCEPT MULTIPLES] (n=153) E13V1a1. [OTHER -HAND SOAP] 10% [VALID] 91% [MISSING] E13V1a2. [OTHER--DISH SOAP] 34% [VALID] 66% [MISSING] E13V1a3. [OTHER--VINEGAR] 3% [VALID] 97% [MISSING] E13V1a4. [OTHER--CLOROX] 5% [VALID] 95% [MISSING] E13V1a5. [OTHER--PRODUCE CLEANER] 20% [VALID] 80% [MISSING] E13V1a6. [OTHER--OTHER] 32% [VALID] 68% [MISSING] E13V1a7. [OTHER--DON'T KNOW] 2% [VALID] 98% [MISSING] E13V1a8. [OTHER - REFUSED] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E14V2. Do you ever buy cantaloupe? (n=2264) 74% [YES] 26% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E15V2. TR01 [IF E14V2=1] Do you usually wash or rinse cantaloupe before you prepare or cut it? (n=1806) 57% [YES] 42% [NO] 1% [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E16V2. [IFE15V2=1] Do you use any of these methods to wash or rinse cantaloupe? Please choose one or more. Do you . . . [ACCEPT MULTIPLES] (n=1013) E16V2_1. Rub them under running water, with a brush, cloth or your hands 72% [VALID] 28% [MISSING] E16V2_2. Hold under running water, without rubbing them, or 21% [VALID] 79% [MISSING] E16V2_3. Soak them in a container of water, or do you 3% [VALID] 97% [MISSING] E16V2_4. Use any type of cleaner to wash tomatoes? 7% [VALID] 93% [MISSING] E16V2_5. [DON'T KNOW] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E16V2_6. [REFUSED] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E16V2E. [IFE16V2_4=1] What type of cleaner do you use? [CHECK ANY MENTION OF THE FOLLOWING. ACCEPT MULTIPLES] (n=86) E16V2a1. [OTHER - HAND SOAP] 2% [VALID] 98% [MISSING] E16V2a2. [OTHER--DISH SOAP] 44% [VALID] 56% [MISSING] E16V2a3. [OTHER--VINEGAR] 9% [VALID] 91% [MISSING] E16V2a4. [OTHER--CLOROX] 3% [VALID] 97% [MISSING] E16V2a5. [OTHER--PRODUCE CLEANER] 27% [VALID] 73% [MISSING] E16V2a6. [OTHER--OTHER] 19% [VALID] 81% [MISSING] E16V2a7. [OTHER--DON'T KNOW] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E16V2a8. [OTHER - REFUSED] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E17V2. Do you ever buy strawberries? (n=2264) 86% [YES] 13% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E18V2. TR01 [IF E17V2=1] Do you usually wash or rinse strawberries before you prepare or eat them? (n=2001) 97% [YES] 2% [NO] * [NEVER PREPARE STRAWBERRIES] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E19V2. [IF E18V2=1] Do you use any of these methods to wash or rinse strawberries? Please choose one or more. Do you . . . [ACCEPT MULTIPLES; NOTE: IF SAY THEY USE A COLANDER, "Using your colander, do you -- READ THE ANSWERS AGAIN] (n=1957) E19V2_1. Rub them under running water, with a brush, cloth or your hands 46% [VALID] 54% [MISSING] E19V2_2. Hold under running water, without rubbing them, or 43% [VALID] 57% [MISSING] E19V2_3. Soak them in a container of water, or do you 16% [VALID] 84% [MISSING] E19V2_4. Use any type of cleaner to wash tomatoes? 4% [VALID] 96% [MISSING] E19V2_5. [DON'T KNOW] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E19V2_6. [REFUSED] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E19V2A. [IF E19V2_4=1] What type of cleaner do you use? [CHECK ANY MENTION OF THE FOLLOWING. ACCEPT MULTIPLES] (n=87) E19V2a1. [OTHER - HAND SOAP] 3% [VALID] 97% [MISSING] E19V2a2. [OTHER--DISH SOAP] 18% [VALID] 82% [MISSING] E19V2a3. [OTHER--VINEGAR] 9% [VALID] 91% [MISSING] E19V2a4. [OTHER--CLOROX] 2% [VALID] 98% [MISSING] E19V2a5. [OTHER--PRODUCE CLEANER] 39% [VALID] 62% [MISSING] E19V2a6. [OTHER--OTHER] 29% [VALID] 71% [MISSING] E19V2a7. [OTHER--DON'T KNOW] 1% [VALID] 99% [MISSING] E19V2a8. [OTHER - REFUSED] * [VALID] 100% [MISSING] E20V1. How often, if ever, do you buy hot, take-out or carry-out food from restaurants, markets or grocery store delis? Please include things like hot fast-food, hot fast-foods from drive thrus, Chinese take-out, pizza, hot entrée's from a deli, and rotisserie chickens. (n=2418) 5% Never 4% Daily 27% A few times a week 21% Once a week 23% A few times a month 20% Once a month or less * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E21V1. [IFE20=2-6] After you buy hot, take-out food, what is the longest amount of time you might keep it at room temperature and then eat it? Would you say . . . (n=2263) 81% Less than one hour, 14% 1-2 hours, 3% 3-6 hours or, 1% More than six hours 1% [DON'T KNOW] 1% [REFUSED] E22V1. [IFE20=2-6] Do you ever keep hot, take-out food in the refrigerator? (n=2263) 61% [YES] 39% [NO] * [DON'T KNOW] * [REFUSED] E23V1. [IFE22=1] In the last year, what is the longest amount of time you have kept hot, take-out food in the refrigerator and still eaten it? (n=1363) [Time Unit Responded In:] 1% [E23min] 11% [E23hr] 79% [E23day [RANGE 1-31] 5% [E23wks [RANGE 1-4] IF GREATER THAN 4 CONFIRM THEN ALLOW.] 3% [DON'T KNOW or REFUSED]